AMC 8 · Test Mode

2005 AMC 8

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Problem 1 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Arithmetic & Operations undo-then-redo

Connie multiplies a number by 2 and gets 60 as her answer. However, she should have divided the number by 2 to get the correct answer. What is the correct answer?

Show hint
First recover the original number, then divide by 2.
Show solution
  1. Original = 60 / 2 = 30.
  2. Correct answer: 30 / 2 = 15.
B 15.
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Problem 2 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Fractions, Decimals & Percents percent-of-amount

Karl bought five folders from Pay-A-Lot at a cost of $2.50 each. Pay-A-Lot had a 20%-off sale the following day. How much could Karl have saved on the purchase by waiting a day?

Show hint
Compute the total then take 20%.
Show solution
  1. Total: 5 · $2.50 = $12.50.
  2. Savings: 0.20 · $12.50 = $2.50.
C $2.50.
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Problem 3 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Geometry & Measurement reflection-symmetry

What is the minimum number of small squares that must be colored black so that a line of symmetry lies on the diagonal BD of square ABCD?

Show hint
Every black square off the diagonal must have its mirror image (across BD) also black. Count which mirror images are missing.
Show solution
  1. Each of the 4 already-black off-diagonal cells has its mirror image (across BD) still white.
  2. We must blacken those 4 mirror cells ⇒ 4 additional squares.
D 4.
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Problem 4 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Geometry & Measurement perimeter-area

A square and a triangle have equal perimeters. The lengths of the three sides of the triangle are 6.1 cm, 8.2 cm and 9.7 cm. What is the area of the square in square centimeters?

Show hint
Triangle perimeter / 4 gives square's side.
Show solution
  1. Perimeter: 6.1 + 8.2 + 9.7 = 24. Square side: 24/4 = 6.
  2. Area: 62 = 36.
C 36.
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Problem 5 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Arithmetic & Operations greedy-packing

Soda is sold in packs of 6, 12 and 24 cans. What is the minimum number of packs needed to buy exactly 90 cans of soda?

Show hint
Use as many 24-packs as possible, then fill in with 12s and 6s.
Show solution
  1. 3 · 24 = 72 leaves 18. Then one 12 + one 6 = 18.
  2. Packs used: 3 + 1 + 1 = 5.
B 5 packs.
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Problem 6 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Fractions, Decimals & Percents place-value-comparison

Suppose d is a digit. For how many values of d is 2.00d5 > 2.005?

Show hint
Both numbers share 2.00 prefix. Compare the next two digits: d5 vs 05.
Show solution
  1. Pad to four decimal places: 2.0050 vs 2.00d5.
  2. First three decimals are 005 vs 00d; comparing position-by-position, the deciding digit is d vs 5.
  3. If d > 5: bigger. If d = 5: 2.0055 > 2.0050 still bigger. If d < 5: smaller (e.g., d=4 gives 2.0045 < 2.0050).
  4. Valid: d ∈ {5, 6, 7, 8, 9} ⇒ 5 values.
C 5 values.
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Problem 7 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Geometry & Measurement pythagorean

Bill walks 12 mile south, then 34 mile east, and finally 12 mile south. How many miles is he, in a direct line, from his starting point?

Show hint
Total south: 1 mile. East: 3/4. Pythagoras.
Show solution
  1. Net south: 1, east: 3/4.
  2. Distance: √(12 + (3/4)2) = √(1 + 9/16) = √(25/16) = 5/4 = .
B 1&frac14;.
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Problem 8 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Number Theory parity-rules

Suppose m and n are positive odd integers. Which of the following must also be an odd integer?

Show hint
odd × odd = odd; odd + odd = even; even + odd = odd.
Show solution
  1. (A) odd + odd = even. (B) odd − odd = even. (C) odd + odd = even. (D) (odd + odd)2 = even2 = even.
  2. (E) odd · odd · odd = odd.
E 3mn.
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Problem 9 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Geometry & Measurement isosceles-then-equilateral

In quadrilateral ABCD, sides AB and BC both have length 10, sides CD and DA both have length 17, and the measure of angle ADC is 60°. What is the length of diagonal AC?

Show hint
ADC is isosceles with DA = DC = 17 and apex angle 60°. The base angles are equal, and they sum to 120° ⇒ each is 60°.
Show solution
  1. ADC: DA = DC = 17, ∠ADC = 60°.
  2. Base angles each = (180 − 60)/2 = 60° ⇒ triangle is equilateral.
  3. AC = 17.
D 17.
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Problem 10 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Ratios, Rates & Proportions speed-time-ratio

Joe had walked half way from home to school when he realized he was late. He ran the rest of the way to school. He ran 3 times as fast as he walked. Joe took 6 minutes to walk half way to school. How many minutes did it take Joe to get from home to school?

Show hint
Running 3x as fast takes 1/3 the time for the same distance.
Show solution
  1. Walking half: 6 min. Running the other half (3x speed): 6/3 = 2 min.
  2. Total: 6 + 2 = 8 min.
D 8 minutes.
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Problem 11 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Fractions, Decimals & Percents commutative-multiplication

The sales tax rate in Bergville is 6%. During a sale at the Bergville Coat Closet, the price of a coat is discounted 20% from its $90.00 price. Two clerks, Jack and Jill, calculate the bill independently. Jack rings up $90.00 and adds 6% sales tax, then subtracts 20% from this total. Jill rings up $90.00, subtracts 20% of the price, then adds 6% of the discounted price for sales tax. What is Jack's total minus Jill's total?

Show hint
Multiplication is commutative: order of factors doesn't change the product.
Show solution
  1. Jack: 90 · 1.06 · 0.80. Jill: 90 · 0.80 · 1.06.
  2. Same product ⇒ difference = $0.
C $0.
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Problem 12 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Algebra & Patterns arithmetic-sequence average

Big Al the ape ate 100 delicious yellow bananas from May 1 through May 5. Each day he ate six more bananas than on the previous day. How many delicious bananas did Big Al eat on May 5?

Show hint
Five-term arithmetic sequence with common difference 6. Middle term = average = 100/5 = 20.
Show solution
  1. Mean = 100 / 5 = 20 = May 3.
  2. May 5 = 20 + 2 · 6 = 32.
D 32.
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Problem 13 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Geometry & Measurement rectilinear-completion

The area of polygon ABCDEF is 52 with AB = 8, BC = 9 and FA = 5. What is DE + EF?

Show hint (soft nudge)
Complete to a rectangle. Bounding rectangle area = 8 · 9 = 72. Missing rectangle FEDP has area 72 − 52 = 20.
Show hint (sharpest)
ED = BCFA = 4 (vertical part of cut); divide 20 / 4 to get FE.
Show solution
  1. Bounding rectangle: 8 × 9 = 72. Cut-out rectangle FEDP: 72 − 52 = 20.
  2. ED (vertical leg of the cut) = 9 − 5 = 4. So FE = 20 / 4 = 5.
  3. DE + EF = 4 + 5 = 9.
C 9.
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Problem 14 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Counting & Probability round-robin

The Little Twelve Basketball League has two divisions, with six teams in each division. Each team plays each of the other teams in its own division twice and every team in the other division once. How many games are scheduled?

Show hint (soft nudge)
Intra-division pairs per division: C(6, 2) = 15; each pair plays twice. Two divisions.
Show hint (sharpest)
Inter-division: 6 × 6 = 36, no doubling.
Show solution
  1. Intra: 2 · C(6, 2) · 2 = 2 · 15 · 2 = 60.
  2. Inter: 6 · 6 = 36.
  3. Total: 60 + 36 = 96.
B 96.
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Problem 15 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Counting & Probability triangle-inequality isosceles

How many different isosceles triangles have integer side lengths and perimeter 23?

Show hint
Let legs be y and base x: 2y + x = 23. Triangle inequality: 2y > x.
Show solution
  1. 2y + x = 23, x > 0, 2y > x.
  2. From 2y > 23 − 2y: y > 5.75 ⇒ y ≥ 6.
  3. Also x ≥ 1 ⇒ 2y ≤ 22 ⇒ y ≤ 11.
  4. Valid y: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ⇒ 6 triangles.
C 6 triangles.
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Problem 16 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Logic & Word Problems pigeonhole

A five-legged Martian has a drawer full of socks, each of which is red, white or blue, and there are at least five socks of each color. The Martian pulls out one sock at a time without looking. How many socks must the Martian remove from the drawer to be certain there will be 5 socks of the same color?

Show hint
Worst case: 4 of each color (12 socks) without yet getting 5 of one color.
Show solution
  1. After 12 socks, possible to have 4 red, 4 white, 4 blue (no color has 5).
  2. 13th sock must give some color 5 ⇒ minimum = 13.
D 13.
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Problem 17 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Ratios, Rates & Proportions slope-as-speed

The results of a cross-country team's training run are graphed below. Which student has the greatest average speed?

Show hint
Average speed = distance / time = slope of line from the origin to the point.
Show solution
  1. The student with the steepest line through the origin is fastest.
  2. From the graph, that's Evelyn.
E Evelyn.
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Problem 18 · 2005 AMC 8 Easy
Number Theory count-multiples

How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 13?

Show hint
Three-digit multiples of 13: smallest is 13 · 8 = 104. Largest is 13 · 76 = 988. Count from 8 to 76.
Show solution
  1. Smallest 3-digit multiple: 13 · 8 = 104. Largest: 13 · 76 = 988.
  2. Multipliers 8 through 76: 76 − 8 + 1 = 69.
C 69.
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Problem 19 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Geometry & Measurement trapezoid-altitudes pythagorean

What is the perimeter of trapezoid ABCD?

Show hint (soft nudge)
Drop altitudes from B and C onto AD. Use 18-24-30 and 7-24-25 right triangles.
Show hint (sharpest)
AD = AE + EF + FD.
Show solution
  1. Right triangle on the left: legs 24, 18 (hypotenuse 30) ⇒ AE = 18.
  2. Right triangle on the right: legs 24, 7 (hypotenuse 25) ⇒ FD = 7.
  3. EF = BC = 50. So AD = 18 + 50 + 7 = 75.
  4. Perimeter: 75 + 30 + 50 + 25 = 180.
A 180.
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Problem 20 · 2005 AMC 8 Hard
Number Theory modular-meeting

Alice and Bob play a game involving a circle whose circumference is divided by 12 equally-spaced points. The points are numbered clockwise, from 1 to 12. Both start on point 12. Alice moves clockwise and Bob, counterclockwise. In a turn of the game, Alice moves 5 points clockwise and Bob moves 9 points counterclockwise. The game ends when they stop on the same point. How many turns will this take?

Show hint
After k turns, Alice is at +5k and Bob is at −9k (mod 12). They coincide when 5k ≡ −9k (mod 12) ⇒ 14k ≡ 0 (mod 12).
Show solution
  1. 14k ≡ 0 (mod 12) ⇒ 7k ≡ 0 (mod 6) ⇒ k ≡ 0 (mod 6).
  2. Smallest positive: k = 6.
A 6 turns.
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Problem 21 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Counting & Probability collinear-exclusion

How many distinct triangles can be drawn using three of the dots below as vertices?

Show hint
C(6, 3) = 20 total triples; subtract triples that are collinear (the two rows).
Show solution
  1. C(6, 3) = 20. Collinear sets: top row (1) and bottom row (1) ⇒ 2.
  2. Triangles: 20 − 2 = 18.
C 18.
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Problem 22 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Fractions, Decimals & Percents unit-price-ranking

A company sells detergent in three different sized boxes: small (S), medium (M) and large (L). The medium size costs 50% more than the small size and contains 20% less detergent than the large size. The large size contains twice as much detergent as the small size and costs 30% more than the medium size. Rank the three sizes from best to worst buy.

Show hint
Set the small price to $1 and the large size to 10 oz. Derive the rest, then compute price per oz.
Show solution
  1. Small: $1, 5 oz (large is twice the small ⇒ small = 5 oz).
  2. Medium: $1.50 (50% more than small), 8 oz (20% less than 10 oz large).
  3. Large: 10 oz, $1.95 (30% more than medium).
  4. $/oz: S = 0.200, M = 0.1875, L = 0.195.
  5. Best (lowest $/oz) to worst: M, L, S.
E MLS (best M, then L, then S).
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Problem 23 · 2005 AMC 8 Medium
Geometry & Measurement tangent-radius isosceles-right-triangle

Isosceles right triangle ABC encloses a semicircle of area 2π. The circle has its center O on hypotenuse AB and is tangent to sides AC and BC. What is the area of triangle ABC?

Show hint
Full circle area: 2 · 2π = 4π ⇒ radius 2. Each leg equals the diameter (twice the radius) by symmetry of the inscribed semicircle in a 45-45-90.
Show solution
  1. Full circle area would be 4π ⇒ r = 2.
  2. By tangency in the 45-45-90, each leg = 2r = 4.
  3. Area: (1/2)(4)(4) = 8.
B 8.
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Problem 24 · 2005 AMC 8 Hard
Logic & Word Problems reverse-from-target

A certain calculator has only two keys [+1] and [×2]. When you press one of the keys, the calculator automatically displays the result. For instance, if the calculator originally displayed "9" and you pressed [+1], it would display "10." If you then pressed [×2], it would display "20." Starting with the display "1," what is the fewest number of keystrokes you would need to reach "200"?

Show hint (soft nudge)
Work backwards. If the current number is even, the last move was likely ×2 (divide by 2). If odd, the last was +1 (subtract 1).
Show hint (sharpest)
Each step backwards corresponds to one keystroke forward.
Show solution
  1. 200 → 100 → 50 → 25 (now odd, so subtract 1) → 24 → 12 → 6 → 3 (odd) → 2 → 1.
  2. Steps: 9.
B 9 keystrokes.
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Problem 25 · 2005 AMC 8 Hard
Geometry & Measurement equal-area-balance

A square with side length 2 and a circle share the same center. The total area of the regions that are inside the circle and outside the square is equal to the total area of the regions that are outside the circle and inside the square. What is the radius of the circle?

Show hint
Let I be the overlap area. Inside-circle-outside-square = πr2I. Outside-circle-inside-square = 4 − I. Set equal ⇒ circle area = square area.
Show solution
  1. πr2I = 4 − I ⇒ πr2 = 4 ⇒ r2 = 4/π.
  2. r = 2/√π.
A 2/&radic;&pi;.
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